2. Federalism in India: a. Distribution of legislative powers between the center and states
In India, the distribution of legislative powers between the central government (Union) and the state governments is outlined in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. The Seventh Schedule divides legislative powers into three lists: Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. 1. Union List: The Union List consists of subjects on which only the central government can make laws. It includes matters of national importance, such as defense, foreign affairs, atomic energy, banking, currency, communication, and citizenship. Currently, there are 100 subjects listed under the Union List. 2. State List: The State List consists of subjects on which only the state governments can make laws. It includes matters of local or regional importance, such as police, public order, health, agriculture, land, public health, and local government. Currently, there are 61 subjects listed under the State List. 3. Concurrent List: The Concurrent List consists of subjects on which both the central and s...