3. Industrial pollution and environmental degradation: Causes and measures. 4. Sustainable industrial practices.
3. Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation: Causes and Measures: a) Causes of Industrial Pollution: - Air Pollution: Industrial activities release pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter into the air through combustion processes and emissions from factories and power plants. - Water Pollution: Industrial effluents containing toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and untreated wastewater are often discharged into water bodies, leading to water pollution. - Soil Pollution: Improper disposal of industrial waste and contaminants can lead to soil pollution, affecting soil fertility and contaminating groundwater. - Noise Pollution: Industrial machinery and processes can generate excessive noise, impacting the surrounding environment and human health. b) Measures to Mitigate Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation: - Pollution Control Technologies: Industries can adopt advanced po...