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Mahatma Gandhi, also known as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, played a pivotal role in the Indian national movement for independence. His leadership and philosophy of non-violence had a profound impact on the struggle against British colonial rule. Here's an overview of Gandhi's role and his methods of mass mobilization: 1. Philosophy of Non-Violence: - Gandhi was a staunch advocate of non-violence, which he termed as "ahimsa." - He believed that non-violence was not a sign of weakness but a powerful means to bring about social and political change. - Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence was deeply rooted in religious and ethical principles, emphasizing love, compassion, and respect for all beings. 2. Satyagraha (Soul Force): - Satyagraha, meaning "truth force" or "soul force," was Gandhi's method of non-violent resistance. - It involved peacefully resisting injustice, oppression, and colonial rule through truth, moral courage, and self-sacrific...

The Partition of Bengal in 1905 was a significant event in the history of India and had far-reaching consequences. Here's an overview of the partition and its consequences: Partition of Bengal: - The British government, as part of its "divide and rule" policy, decided to partition Bengal for administrative convenience on October 16, 1905. - Bengal, which was a large province, was divided into two separate entities: Eastern Bengal and Assam (with Dhaka as its capital) and the rest of Bengal (with Calcutta as its capital). - The partition was primarily motivated by political and administrative reasons, but it had profound social, economic, and political implications. Consequences of the Partition: 1. Political Consequences: - The partition was met with widespread protests and opposition from Indian nationalists, who saw it as a deliberate attempt to weaken Bengali nationalism and divide the Indian population. - The Indian National Congress and other nationalist organization...

The Indian National Congress (INC), founded in 1885, is one of the oldest and most influential political organizations in India's history. It played a pivotal role in the Indian independence movement. The objectives of the Indian National Congress evolved over time, reflecting the changing political landscape and aspirations of the Indian people. Here are the key objectives of the Indian National Congress: 1. Representation and Political Voice: - The INC aimed to provide a platform for Indians to express their grievances, concerns, and aspirations and to seek representation in the political process. - Initially, the INC primarily focused on voicing the interests of the educated Indian elite and demanding limited political reforms within the colonial system. 2. Self-Government and Independence: - As the nationalist movement gained momentum, the objective of the Indian National Congress shifted towards achieving self-government and complete independence from British colonial rule. - ...

The growth of nationalism in India during the late 19th and early 20th centuries was a significant and transformative period in Indian history. It marked a strong resistance to British colonial rule and the emergence of a unified movement for independence. Here are some key points about the growth of nationalism in India during this period: 1. Impact of British Rule: - British colonial rule in India had profound social, economic, and political consequences, which led to growing discontent and a sense of injustice among the Indian population. - British policies such as land revenue systems, discriminatory laws, economic exploitation, and cultural suppression contributed to the rise of nationalist sentiment. 2. Socio-Religious Reforms: - Socio-religious movements like the Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, and Aligarh Movement emerged, aiming to reform Indian society and revive national pride. - These movements sought to promote social equality, education, and the preservation of Indian culture a...