c. Decentralization and local government in India.
Decentralization and local government in India play a crucial role in democratic governance, grassroots-level administration, and community participation. Here are the key aspects of decentralization and local government in India: 1. Constitutional Provisions: a. 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments: These amendments were enacted in 1992 and introduced provisions for decentralization and empowerment of local governments in rural and urban areas, respectively. They added the provisions for the Panchayats (rural local bodies) and Municipalities (urban local bodies) as the third tier of government. 2. Panchayati Raj System: a. Rural Local Bodies: The Panchayati Raj system consists of elected Panchayats at the village, intermediate (block), and district levels. The Gram Sabha, comprising all adult citizens in a village, is the foundation of the system. Panchayats have the authority to plan and implement development programs, manage local resources, and provide b...