Chapter 7: Control and Coordination – Explained Simply!
Chapter 7: Control and Coordination – Explained Simply!
Class 10 | NCERT Science
Let’s break it down:
1. Control and Coordination in Organisms:
Life is full of changes. Organisms need to respond to stimuli – and for that, they require control and coordination. This is managed by two major systems:
• Nervous system (via neurons)
• Endocrine system (via hormones)
2. What is a Neuron?
Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system.
Structure:
• Cell Body – Contains nucleus
• Dendrites – Receive signals
• Axon – Transmits signals
Together, they send messages at lightning speed!
3. Reflex Actions – The Body’s Emergency Moves
A reflex action is a quick, involuntary response to a stimulus (like pulling your hand away from fire).
This is controlled by the spinal cord, not the brain – to save time and protect you fast!
4. Central Nervous System (CNS):
• Brain – The control hub
• Spinal Cord – The communication highway
They receive, process, and send out messages to and from the body.
5. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):
Connects the CNS to the rest of the body through a network of nerves.
6. Endocrine System – The Silent Messenger
Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands directly into the blood.
Key glands:
• Pituitary Gland – Master gland
• Thyroid Gland – Controls metabolism
• Adrenal Glands – Fight or flight response
7. Feedback Mechanism – The Body’s Balancing Act
The body uses a feedback loop to maintain balance.
Example: Too much of a hormone? Production is stopped. Too little? More is made.
8. Coordination in Plants – No Brain, But Smart Moves!
Plants use plant hormones (phytohormones) to respond to stimuli:
• Auxin – Controls growth and phototropism
• Gibberellins – Stimulate stem elongation
• Cytokinins – Promote cell division
9. Phototropism – Plant’s Love for Light!
Plants bend towards light because auxin accumulates on the darker side of the shoot, making that side grow faster. Result? The plant curves toward the light.
Why It Matters:
Understanding control and coordination helps us appreciate how complex and beautifully synchronized our bodies (and even plants!) are.
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